Basic Glossary
What is an error page?
What is an error page? When your site generates an error, such as a 404 error, it produces an error page to tell the visitor what type of problem occurred. The basic error pages are: 400 (Incorrect request) 401 (Authorization required) 403 (Prohibited) 404 (Not found) 500 (Server internal error) On Ex2, these error messages are shown on blank blank pages. However, you can edit these pages to add your own brand or special information to help your visitors find tSome readersWhat is a DDoS attack and how do I prevent it?
What is a DDoS attack? A Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attack is a malicious attempt to disrupt the normal traffic of a targeted server, service or network by flooding the surrounding target or infrastructure with an Internet traffic stream. DDoS attacks achieve their effectiveness by using multiple compromised computer systems as sources of attack traffic. Operating machines may include computers and other network resources such as IoT devices. At a high level, a DDoS attackSome readersWhat is a 301 redirect?
What is a 301 redirect? When your site or page has been moved or deleted and you want to send the user to another site or page, you are going to need to use a 301 redirect. In theory, you should create a redirect every time you delete a post or page (from the URL of deleted content to the URL of new content) You should also create a redirect every time you change the URL of a page or article (from the old page URL to the new one) To learn how to do 301 redirects, we recommend the foSome readersWhat is an A Record?
A records for DNS A “record” is a type of DNS entry that simply indicates which IP address corresponds to a domain name. For A records, the A simply means address. This type of DNS record indicates the IP address (in IPv4 format) associated with a domain name. When a user tries to connect to a website, his browser searches for the corresponding A record via the DNS. To do this, the browser first sends a query. If a record exists, the server hosting the site will send informationFew readersWhat is a Relative Path?
Relative URL paths A relative path is a link to a content, located on a page of the same site. Unlike an absolute path, a relative path does not include the entire URL. It does not include the connection protocol (http/https) or the domain name of the site. Since the above elements are implicitly agreed, this link contains only the directory and its slug. If a web user put this link in a search bar, the browser would find nothing. However, the relative path allows users to find theFew readersWhat is Bandwidth?
The concept of bandwidth Bandwidth refers to the maximum amount of data that can be transferred over an Internet connection via a specific path in a given period of time. Bandwidth capacity is generally measured in megabytes per second (Mbps or Mb/s). Essentially, this term refers to the amount of information that a connection can handle. The more bandwidth a website has access to, the faster its content can load. This is because more data can be exchanged simultaneously. The diffeFew readersWhat is cPanel?
The cPanel control panel cPanel is a web hosting control panel that provides users with a graphical interface to manage their websites. This is by far the most popular control panel in the world. It is currently used by tens of millions of websites around the world. With cPanel, users can create email accounts, upload files, and change website settings. The software is easy to use and provides many features. cPanel was first introduced in 1997 and has been continuously improved sincFew readersWhat is Website Performance?
The concept of website performance The notion of website performance generally refers to two things: its loading speed and its availability rate. To be considered efficient, a site must load quickly, operate smoothly and suffer from few interruptions. Having a good website is essential to generate traffic and get a good ranking in search results. Many factors can affect the performance of a website. Some elements are of course the responsibility of your web host. At Ex2, the avaiFew readersWhat is a title tag?
Title tags (H1, H2, H3, etc.) A title tag is an element of HTML code used to highlight the title of a web page for users and search engines. It can be found in the title of search engine results pages as well as in the search bar of a web browser. There are different types of title tags and subtitles identified by alphanumeric codes. The main title tag (H1) of a page is usually placed at the top of the HTML markup. It can be changed directly or via metadata settings. A relevant andFew readersWhat is a URL?
URL addresses The URL is the acronym for Universal Resource Locator. The URL is the full address of a web page. It consists of the domain name and the connection protocol to access this page. For example, the full URL for Google.com is https://www.google.com. Among other things, URLs help browsers display websites. They can also be used to open files or directly access web pages. They work a bit like mailing addresses, telling the web browser the location of the desired content.Few readersWhat is a Back End?
The concept of Back End In computer programming and web development, the back end refers to any software that users simply cannot see. This "background" must communicate with the front to deliver the content. The Back End contains the mechanisms that make a website or application work. Users can neither see nor interact with it, but it determines how data is stored and managed. In other words, the back end refers to the server side of the content. They contact the client side to prFew readersWhat is Litespeed LSCache?
The LsCache caching tool LiteSpeed is an alternative type of web server offering a high level of performance. It uses an advanced caching tool called LsCache. It is integrated into your Ex2 web server, and you can activate it for free. To do this, LsCache offers plugins for the most popular CMS, including WordPress, Joomla! , Drupal, etc. It also offers you a cPanel tool that allows you to enjoy Lscache on your web hosting. You have everything to gain by enabling LsCache on your Ex2 web hoFew readersWhat is a CNAME Record?
CNAME records The term CNAME is simply an abbreviation for Canonical name. A CNAMErecord refers to a type of registration in a domain name system (DNS). It is used to associate an alias to a domain name. A CNAME record is usually linked to a subdomain and is used as an alternative to an A record. A CNAME record points to the root domain of a website, while a A record indicates the IP address of a domain name. A record CNAME is particularly useful if the same website has many suFew readersWhat are the differences between the different image formats?
The main image formats used GIF GIF (acronym for Graphics Interchange Format) is a digital file format. It supports both moving and static images. It can combine multiple images into a single file, creating basic animations. A GIF file can support 8 bits per pixel for each image and a variety of 256 different colors. This format is well suited to simple images, such as graphics or logos. The GIF format can contain multiple images and turn them into a short animation. This workFew readersWhat is JavaScript?
The Javascript web language JavaScript is a programming language that allows you to define elements on a web page or on a web server. It is one of the three basic programming languages of the web (with HTML and CSS). As soon as you visit a web page, a JavaScript code is automatically executed. Your web browser executes the JavaScript code instructions before returning the results to you. It can be used to create interactive websites, games, and many other things. For example, you canFew readersWhat is the HTTPS protocol?
The Secure Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTPS) HTTPS is a secure version of HTTP, the main protocol used to exchange data between a web browser and a website. Unlike HTTP, HTTPS is encrypted to increase the security of data transfer. This is especially important when users transmit sensitive data. For example, you can access a bank account or a health insurance provider online. All websites should use HTTPS for security reasons. This is especially true for sites requiring login creFew readersWhat is phpMyAdmin?
The phpMyAdmin SQL management software phpMyAdmin is a free software used to manage MySQL and MariaDB database administration. It is accessible online and offers a user-friendly way to work with SQL. phpMyAdmin allows users to easily manage SQL databases. This includes tables, columns, users, permissions, indexes, relationships, and more. It offers a user interface to work with SQL rather than having to use code. The task is therefore simpler and less tedious. phpMyAdmin is installeFew readersWhat is a Nameserver?
Nameservers in the DNS System A name server is an element of the domain name system (known as DNS) that converts a website’s domain name into an IP address using a numerical database. This term can be assigned to any server using DNS software, as well as to the server of a host managing the domain names of its clients. Since name servers connect domain names to IP addresses, this configuration avoids users having to memorize a series of numbers in order to access a website. WheFew readersWhat is the POP messaging protocol?
The POP messaging protocol POP3 stands for Post Office Protocol 3. It allows you to download copies of your emails to your personal computer. You can make changes to local copies of email accounts. Of course, these will not be visible to other users or devices. Therefore, messages sent, moved or deleted from a device using POP can only be viewed on that computer. Copies of email messages on the server remain unchanged. However, it is easy to configure your POP3 program to remove these sFew readersWhat is caching?
The concept of caching The term cache refers to a hardware component or software that stores data. Many devices, web servers, web browsers, and applications use caching to recover data faster. The most common instance of caching is associated with Internet browsers. When a user visits a website for the first time, its data is stored in the browser cache. This process makes each subsequent visit more efficient. However, as data accumulates, a cache requires more and more storage. ThFew readersWhat is an Application Programming Interface (API)?
The application programming interface concept The term API stands for Application Programming Interface. An application programming interface (API) is a code that allows two software programs to communicate. An API defines how a developer must request services through an operating system (OS) or other application. It also defines how to expose data in different contexts and across multiple channels. All types of data can be shared via an application programming interface. APIs areFew readersWhat is metadata and what is it used for?
The concept of metadata The term meta-data refers to data about other data. This is information contained in files that explains the type of file in question. Common examples of metadata include file size, modification dates, who created the file, and more. On a website, metadata is a collection of HTML elements that provide search engines with information about the nature of a page’s content. For example, metadata can be used to clarify a page’s title tag, define a meta description forFew readersWhat is domain authority?
The concept of domain authority Domain Authority (DA) is a search engine ranking score. It predicts the likely ranking of a website in search engine results (SERP). The ratings given to the authority of a domain range from 1 to 100. The higher ratings correspond to a better potential in terms of ranking. The domain authority is based on data from the Web Link Explorer index and an algorithm that takes into account dozens of factors. The actual domain authority calculation itself uFew readersWhat is the SSH protocol?
The SSH protocol SSH stands for Secure Shell Protocol. It is a cryptonet protocol that allows services to be performed securely even on an unsecured network. It is generally used to execute online commands and establish remote connections. SSH applications use a client-server architecture. This architecture directly links the client’s browser to the site’s server. SSH does more than provide a secure connection between computers, both local and remote. It also manages virtualizationFew readersWhat is an IP Address?
Internet Protocol or IP addresses An Internet Protocol (IP) address is a unique digital suite that identifies a particular device on a computer network. It first identifies the location of the device. Moreover, its protocol allows computers and other devices to communicate with each other. There are two types of IP address standards: IPv4 and IPv6. IPv4 is the original IP address display format designed in 1983. The IPv4 structure consists of 4 numerical sets from 0 to 255, separated byFew readersWhat is a Bounce Rate?
The bounce rate of a site The bounce rate is a unit of measure of website user interactions. It indicates the percentage of users who, after accessing one of the site’s pages, choose to leave before interacting. It is common for users to visit a website, but to leave before interacting or even before the content finishes loading. Analytics software like Google Analytics counts these visits to measure a site’s rebound rate. Websites with high bounce rates are perceived by search enginFew readersWhat is a Keyword?
The concept of keywords in SEO Keywords are terms or phrases that define the content of a web page or article. They help search engines associate content with relevant research. When a user types a query in a search engine, he looks for relevant results in relation to the terms used. Therefore, for a site to rank at the top of search results for a particular keyword, it must optimize its content for that keyword. To do this, the keyword should appear regularly and naturally through iFew readersWhat is a Meta Description?
The meta description concept A meta description is an HTML element used to summarize the content of a web page or article. It is usually displayed under the URL and title on a search results page. Meta descriptions are intended to provide useful information to Internet users. They are used to encourage your potential audience to click on your content. Meta descriptions are technically not SEO factors. However, they have the potential to improve your click-through rate and traffic.Few readersWhat is a Robots.txt file?
The Robots.txt file of a website The optional robots.txt file is used to give bots instructions on how to browse a site. It can be used to prevent portions of your site from being indexed. Robot.txt files are not mandatory or necessary. Without them, explorer robots will simply navigate a site based on their default guidance. However, most sites get better results using a robot.txt file to help guide bots. The robot.txt file can be used to encourage or discourage browsing of certainFew readersWhat is the CloudLinux OS?
The CloudLinux management system CloudLinux is a hosting-oriented Linux distribution based on CentOS. It uses LVE (light virtual environment) kernel technology that is similar to OpenVZ in some aspects or other OS-based virtualization technologies. In shared hosting, the most common reason for unavailability is a single account capturing most of the shared resources due to heavy sites or non-optimized scripts. The CloudLinux operating system is specially designed for shared servers. ItFew readersWhat is the First Contentful Paint?
The First Contentful Paint (FCP) concept The first content image or First Contentful Paint (FCP) is the first site element to appear in the browser. This is one of the common measures used to measure website performance. The FCP is not one of Google’s three Core Web Vitals parameters, which aim to measure the impact of various loading times on the user experience of websites. The FCP makes it possible to calculate the time needed for visitors to see the first elements appear on a web pFew readersWhat is the HTML language?
The HTML markup language HTML is the acronym for HyperText Markup Language. This is a fundamental element of the web, the standard markup language for creating web pages and applications. The HTML language uses tags to structure text, images and other content elements. It consists of a series of elements that tell a web browser how to view a document. These elements are arranged in a hierarchy. The most important element is the root element, which contains all the other components.Few readersWhat is Linux?
Linux operating systems Linux is a collection of open-source operating systems (OS). There is no single Linux operating system, but rather a set of different systems. Users can choose from a large group of Linux distributions, all offering different and unique experiences. Linux is one of the most popular operating systems in the world. Web developers in particular have a penchant for it. Its open source nature allows you to adapt the OS to your needs and even collaborate with other usFew readersWhat is a Front End?
The concept of front end The front end of a website represents all the elements with which users can interact. Front-end development consists of designing elements accessible via HTML, CSS and JavaScript. Front-end developers help improve all the elements that users use directly. One can think of website layout, responsiveness and navigation. Backend developers usually manage databases, debug websites and improve security. Front-end developers focus on the visual experience of a siteFew readersWhat is the Cumulative Layout Shift (CLS)?
The Cumulative Layout Shift (CLS) concept Cumulative Layout Shift (CLS) is a measure of website performance. It represents the stability of the layout, calculating each individual change (voluntary or unexpected) that occurs during the existence of the page. The score is identified as zero if the site is stable and there is no offset. The higher the result, the greater the page layout shift. The fact that page elements are unstable and changing as a user tries to interact with them caFew readersWhat is an SSL/TLS certificate?
SSL and TLS certificates SSL stands for Secure Sockets Layer. It is a protocol used to secure a connection and protect sensitive data. Transport Layer Security (TLS) is the successor to SSL. This is an advanced cryptographic protocol providing a secure connection over a given computer network. SSL/TLS facilitates a secure connection between two systems. It could be one server and one client or two servers. SSL/TLS protocols ensure that data transferred between users and sites (or betFew readersWhat are Apache Modules?
Apache Server Software Add-ons Apache modules are additions to the Apache web server software to extend its functionality. They are used to add new features, provide more security and optimize performance. Apache modules are usually written in the C programming language and are dynamically loaded by the Apache server during execution. They can be installed and activated at any time by an Apache server administrator. Some of the most common modules are: modrewrite: allows youFew readersWhat is PHP and what is it used for?
The PHP script language PHP (which stands for Hypertext Preprocessor) is an open-source script language. It is used in web development and is compatible for integration with HTML language. Several content management systems (CMS), such as WordPress, are built with PHP. PHP is an integrated HTML language on the server side. Typically, developers use PHP to create dynamic content and databases. However, you can also use PHP to design entire applications. Some of the world’s most popular websFew readersWhat is the conversion rate?
The concept of web conversion A website conversion refers to any action taken by a user of your site, whether you want them to take. We can think of any action pushing them further into a sales tunnel, for example. This may also include filling out a contact form, clicking on a call to action button, or purchasing a product from your store. Conversion rates for different pages on the same site usually measure different conversion units. For example, the blog section can measure articleFew readersWhat is the IMAP messaging protocol?
The IMAP messaging protocol IMAP4 stands for Internet Message Access Protocol 4. This protocol allows you to read emails as they appear on the hosting server. All messages and changes you make to them (delete, reply, etc.) are seen by other users connecting to the webmail or IMAP. Depending on the configuration, messages can be temporarily saved for offline viewing. IMAP is recommended for: Users logging into their email accounts from multiple devices Users of mobile dFew readersWhat is the SQL language?
The SQL language SQL stands for Structured Query Language. It is a standardized computer language designed to operate relational databases. A relational database stores information in tabular form. It includes rows and columns representing different data attributes and the various relationships between data values. The SQL language is used to communicate with low data. You can use it to store, update, delete, search and recover information from the database. You can also use SQL sFew readersWhat are Core Web Vitals ?
The concept of Core Web Vitals The Core Web Vitals (CWV) were developed by Google and represent a trio of measures of user experience. They are designed to help encourage a more accessible, faster and better navigation experience. To do this, Google takes into account three basic parameters. The first is the largest graphic content (LCP or Largest Content Paint). It measures the loading time of the largest item on the page, and represents a measure of the execution speed. The secondFew readersWhat is the First Input Delay (FID)?
The First Input Delay (FID) concept The first input delay (FID) is a measure of the performance of a website. It represents the period between when a user interacts with your page and when the web browser responds to that interaction. This measurement can be taken from any element with which the user interacts for the first time. It is especially important on pages that users need to interact with, as it illustrates when the page becomes interactive. The FID is one of Google’s threeFew readersWhat is a Canonical URL?
The concept of canonical URLs It is normal that the web pages of your website are accessible via several URLs. For example, visitors can access the same website by typing www.yourwork.com or simply yourworth.com. By designating a canonical URL, you dictate to the search engines the version of these addresses that they must consider primary and priority. This means that exploration robots will only focus on this URL. This prevents them from indexing the same page several times and peFew readersWhat is a website widget?
On a WordPress site, Widgets are a feature allowing you to add other features to your website. Widgets provide WordPress users with an easy way to control the content and design of their site without having to use code. They can be configured by integrating blocks of code, simply to be copied and pasted on your web pages. Where can I find website widgets? By default, WordPress comes with a variety of widgets. These include a navigation menu, a search bar, your categories, a label cFew readersWhat is Uptime?
Uptime or availability rate of web hosting Uptime is the measure of the ratio of time a server is available over a given period of time. This data is normally measured in percentages. A high percentage of uptime generally indicates that a server is reliable. This means that your website will be available to users at all times. The uptime of your hosting plan should be as close as possible to 100%. Each percentage point represents 87 hours of interruption per year, so better to aim fFew readersWhat is a Traceroute?
Traceroute is a very common feature, which is integrated into most operating systems. It is useful for analyzing network connections. The traceroute indicates the path of a packet. It follows the path of your host/computer through each of the individual routes that process the package. It also indicates how long it takes to move from one router to another, to its final destination. How a Traceroute works When you run the traceroute command, it sends a packet. To do this, it uses thFew readersWhat is a Database?
The Concept of Database Databases are sets of information accessible to computers. They are used to store information such as customer records, product catalogues or financial transaction records. Databases are organized in tables, similar to the folders in a file system. Tables contain records, with individual fields. These fields may contain different types of information, including text, numbers and dates. Databases can use various programming languages, including SQL, Java and PHFew readersWhat is WHM?
The WHM management interface WHM stands for Web Host Manager. It is a web interface for managing your web hosting account. WHM can be used to create accounts, change settings, install applications, and more. It is only available for managed VPS hosting plans or Ex2 dedicated servers. This is a web interface that can be used by administrators to manage a server. It provides a graphical user interface to access, monitor and modify all aspects of a server and the sites it hosts. This iFew readersWhat is a Firewall?
The digital firewall concept A firewall is a set of rules governing incoming and outgoing connections to a network or device. The role of firewalls is to protect a system from intrusions and unwanted connections. Firewalls can take the form of hardware or software applications. The most common type of firewall protects home devices (PCs, smartphones, etc.). They limit what types of outgoing connections can be established and what incoming requests are allowed. In enterprise systems,Few readersWhat is content hierarchy and what is it used for?
The concept of content hierarchy The content hierarchy is an organizational structure designed to reflect the importance of the various elements. In other words, it’s a content categorization process to help users easily find what they’re looking for. A common way to create a hierarchy in content is to use titles and subtitles. Headings divide a page into sections and indicate the content of each. The subheadings then break these sections down into smaller, more manageable segments.Few readersWhat is a site backup?
Copies of website backups A backup is a copy of all the files, databases and emails associated with your website. Having a backup of your website means that if you have a problem (for example if your files are corrupted by malware or hacking), you can easily restore your website. Backups also allow you to bring your site back to a previous configuration if certain changes you made do not work as expected. Ex2 offers you daily automatic backups and keeps multiple copies of your site.Few readersWhat is domain locking?
Locking domain names Domain names can be locked, to protect them from unauthorized changes. This status can be given the name of «lock by the registry office», «prohibited client transfer» or similar terms. Terms may vary depending on the register in which the domain name is registered. If your registrar does not allow you to unlock your domain name on your own, contact them to unlock it. If your registration office does not unlock the domain name or provide you with a reasonable method toFew readersWhat is AJAX?
What is AJAX? AJAX (Asynchronous JavaScript and XML) is not a programming language but an application. It is used to create dynamic and interactive web pages by exchanging small amounts of data with the server behind the scenes. This application allows web pages to update asynchronically by exchanging data with a web server in the background (back end). The browser does not need to reload the entire page when new information is required. This improves the user experience and makes web pageFew readersWhat is the SFTP protocol?
The SFTP protocol SFTP stands for Secure File Transfer Protocol. This is a secure version of the FTP protocol that uses a secure shell data stream. SFTP works like FTP if you are an end user. A SFTP connection can be used through a set of credentials and use a client to access, edit and delete files stored on your server. The main difference between FTP and SFTP is that it runs on Secure Shell (SSH), which allows encryption of the data you send and receive. With this SSH, the serverFew readersWhat is a Sitemap?
The Sitemap of a website A sitemap is a brief overview of the main pages of a website. It is used to ensure that search engine exploration robots index all important content. A site map is also used to highlight the structure of a website. A site plan must be created and implemented. To do this, you must follow a few important steps. First, choose a format for your site plan (XML, RSS or TXT). Then create your site plan manually or using an automatic site plan generator. The choice dFew readersWhat is an MX record?
DNS MX Record MX stands for Mail Exchange Record or mail exchange record. This is a DNS record that works a bit like a phone book. An MX record includes a name, an associated IP address and a record of the parameters associated with the DNS where the mail server is located. It tells the sending server where to send email messages. Thus, communication between users active on the network is enabled easily. Most MX records include the MX record priority setting, the domain to whichFew readersWhat are cookies?
HTTP cookies HTTP cookies (also known as cookies from browser, cookies Internet or cookies Web ) are small blocks of data generated by a web server when users browse a website. A user’s browser places these cookies on their computer (or any other device used to access a site). Multiple cookies can be placed during the same session. What are HTTP cookies for? Cookies provide access to various useful and even crucial web functions. For example, they allow web servers tFew readersWhat is the HTTP protocol?
The HTTP connection protocol HTTP is the standard protocol used to transfer digital media over the Internet and load web pages using hyperlinks. This includes written text, images, videos, and everything else. The web is made up of billions of interconnected hypertext documents. HTTP is an application layer protocol designed to transfer information between networked devices. It also works on other layers of the network protocol stack. A typical HTTP stream involves a client machine maFew readersWhat is Apache Server Software?
Apache Software With its full name Apache HTTP Server, this program is usually simply called Apache. This is a completely free open source web server software. Its main role is to establish connections between the server and a web browser via an HTTP request system. Apache first appeared in 1995 as an initiative of the Apache Software Foundation . Since then, the user community has ensured that it remains compliant with current HTTP standards. It is one of the most used HTTP server softFew readersWhat is an API?
The API application programming interface API is the acronym for Application Programming Interface or application programming interface. This is a set of rules and protocols for creating and integrating software applications. These specify how software components must interact, and they allow communication between different systems. APIs provide access to the functionality or data of an operating system, web system or application. They are used in web development for various purpoFew readersWhat is the wp-config.php file?
The Wordpress wp-config.php configuration file wp-config.php is a file located in the root directory (publichtml) of a Wordpress site. It contains all the configuration details of the website. These include the database name, host, username and password. When you download WordPress, the wp-config.php file is not yet included. You must provide some information during the installation process for WordPress to create a wp-config.php file. If you create a new wp-config.php file, WordPreFew readersWhat is RAM?
RAM RAM stands for Random Access Memor, which is a device’s RAM. This RAM is a form of storage that makes data accessible randomly at any time, from any point in any order. RAM is the most common type of memory found in computers and other electronic devices. A RAM memory card contains millions of tiny capacitors, all storing electrical charges. These loads represent bits of data. The capacitors are arranged in rows and columns, and each row is connected to a wire commonly called aFew readersWhat is the cPanel File Manager?
The cPanel File Manager A file manager is software that allows users to manage their folders and files. It usually includes a graphical user interface through which people can browse their files. They can also open, edit and save them. A file manager is built into the cPanel control panel by default. Here, users can access files and directories on their website, edit them, and even upload new content. The manager also allows you to change file permissions, extract content and compress fFew readersWhat is an Absolute Path?
Absolute URL paths Absolute paths are complete URLs pointing to specific web pages. An absolute path includes each part of the URL, including the HTTP/HTTPS connection protocol and the www (if appropriate). An example of an absolute path is https://www.ex2.com. In the vast majority of cases, URLs are accessible without providing the entire absolute path. Browsers are able to interpret "incomplete" queries, such as ex2.com. When using internal links, you have tFew readersWhat is a content management system or CMS?
Content management systems or CMS A CMS is a software offering a user-friendly interface for creating, managing and distributing content. There are a large number of CMS available on the market. Among these, WordPress is by far the most popular option. This open source software is modular and highly customizable. It allows you to create any type of websites by simply selecting suitable themes and plugins. A CMS typically contains two key components: a content management applicatiFew readersWhat is a WordPress Plugin?
WordPress extensions or plugins are applications allowing users to add new features to a WordPress site. Adding plugins is very similar to downloading apps on a smartphone. It must be said that WordPress started as a simple blog tool, and it is the plugins that made it evolve into a CMS and a robust application framework. Currently, there are over 50,000 free plugins and thousands of premium available for CMS. To the point where the WordPress community has adopted a pretty telling saying thatFew readersWhat is internal linking?
The concept of internal linking Internal linking refers to a link pointing from one page to another page of the same website. This type of link contrasts with external links, which instead point to pages located on other websites. Internal links help search engines understand the structure of a website and the relationships between different pages. In addition, they help users to navigate a site more easily. Internal linking is one of the most important factors of SEO. Therefore, inFew readersWhat is Lazy Loading?
Lazy Loading or Loading Lazy Loading is an online content optimization technique used by websites and web applications. In Bulk Loading, users load the entire content one page at a time. On the other hand, lazy loading allows you to load only the resources needed at the start. Loading of non-critical resources is deferred until the user needs it. A good example of lazy loading trend is an infinite scrolling website. Web page content loads as users scroll through the page. AdFew readersWhat is a Brute Force Attack?
Brute force attacks A brute force attack is, of course, a type of cyberattack. In this model, the attacker uses the trial and error method to open an online account at the target site. This process is usually performed by malicious robots (AI) who try to guess login credentials, passwords, or digital keys. A brute force attack is also sometimes referred to as a key exhaustive search. The term brute force attack encompasses different types of attacks. This includes simple brute force aFew readersWhat is a CPU?
CPUs or processors CPU stands for Central Processing Unit or Central Processing Unit. It’s like the brain of a computer. This unit interprets and executes the basic instructions that allow a computer to function. The term CPU is generally used interchangeably with the word processor. A processor consists of several distinct parts. These include the arithmetic logic unit (referred to as ALU), the control unit and the cache. The ALU’s role is to perform mathematical and logical operFew readersWhat is an Image Alt Text?
Image alternative text (ALT Text) tags are used to describe the appearance and function of an image file. This is an important feature of all HTML pages, which plays many roles for search engines and users. Unlike image captions, which are visible to all users, alternative text tags are generally invisible. However, they are used to communicate the nature of your images to users with visual disabilities, as well as to search engines. Why use image alternative text? ALT text tags aFew readersWhat is the WordPress functions.php file?
The functions.php file (or theme function file) is a template included in WordPress themes. The functions.php file behaves like a WordPress plugin, adding tools and features to a WordPress site. The file activates automatically when you enable a WordPress theme. It uses PHP code to change the default features of the CMS or add new ones. Editing functions.php with custom codes allows you to improve your site. You can add with taxonomies, shortcodes, item types, and more. For example, a theFew readersWhat is a backlink (or inbound link)?
The concept of incoming link or backlinks? Hyperlinks (also known as hyperlinks, inbound links or backlinks) are links from one website to another website page using anchor text. Google and most other major search engines take into account the number of backlinks associated with web pages. These indicate the relevance, quality and authority of each page. Pages with a large number of relevant backlinks tend to have good organic rankings in search engine results. Why are Backlinks impoFew readersWhat are File Permissions?
Permissions associated with files File permissions are rules that govern which users can interact with specific files and directories. These use a role system and apply to a network or device. Each file and directory comes with a set of permissions that define how you can interact with them. These permissions may vary depending on the role associated with the users. There are three types of file permissions: write, read and execute. Some user roles can only access files, others alsoFew readersWhat is a web crawler?
Web Crawlers web or robot exploration Called search engine bot, web crawler or simply bot, this AI is used to download and index content from the entire Internet. The goal of such a bot is to discover (as much as possible) what each page on the web is about. In this way, relevant information can then be retrieved when necessary. These AIs are often called web crawlers because automatically accessing a site to obtain data via software is called crawling. Most active crawlers on thFew readersWhat is the Largest Contentful Paint?
The Largest Contentful Paint (LCP) concept The largest content image or Largest Contentful Paint (LCP) is a performance measure of a website. It shows the loading time of the largest piece of content on a page. This is one of three settings in Google’s Core Web Vitals. Vitals Core Web measures the impact of a website’s performance on user experience. The LCP itself calculates how long it takes to load the largest visual element on a given page. By their nature, LCP ratings are alwaFew readersWhat is the php.ini configuration file?
The php.ini file is a file specially used for the PHP programming language. It allows you to configure changes to PHP settings. The servers are all configured with default PHP settings. Your site will use them unless you change one or more settings. To do this, you can create or modify a php.ini file. This file is normally located in the root directory of your website. If your site does not have a php.ini file, you can easily create one via the cPanel File Manager.Few readersWhat is CSS?
The CSS programming language CSS stands for Cascading Style Sheets, meaning cascading style sheets. It is an essential coding language used to configure the style of Web pages. CSS allows to create aesthetic pages by modifying the appearance of various elements. These include font style, color, layout, and more. The CSS language is used to control the presentation of HTML markup mainly in two ways: External style sheets: the CSS is contained in a separate css file that canFew readersWhat is ICANN?
ICANN stands for Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers. It is a non-profit organization that develops and enforces a policy on Internet identifiers. ICANN manages the registration of DNS registrars and is responsible for handling all domain name disputes. The history of ICANN ICANN is a community of volunteers from around the world, whose goal is to allow the web to be stable and secure. The organization was founded in 1998 to help the US government maintain certain intFew readersWhat is Linux Hosting?
Linux web hosting The concept of Linux hosting refers to web hosting using this operating system (OS) for client servers. The Linux version and product range you have access to varies from one hosting provider to another. When you purchase a web hosting plan, you pay for the resources and disk space of a hosting provider. This one will generally use Linux or Windows as OS for its servers. The advantage of Linux over Windows servers is that it is generally easier to configure. In adFew readersWhat is an Infinite Scrolling Page?
Endless scrolling web pages Infinite scrolling is a web design technique by which users scroll a web page. In it, the content loads automatically and continuously from the pages, one after the other. Infinite scrolling is an alternative structure to pagination for websites. It saves users from having to click buttons (such as Back and Next) or page titles to see the content. As such, infinite scrolling aims to make it easier for users to browse pages. They just have to scrFew readersWhat is a meta tag and what is it used for?
Meta tags and their uses A meta tag is an element of HTML content that includes information about a web page. Meta tags (or meta tags) are not visible to Internet users, but they offer essential information to search engines. There are 12 types of meta tags, including the title tag, meta description, and keywords. They provide access to information that helps search engines index and understand the content of your web pages. They also allow web browsers (Chrome, Edge, Safari, etc.) to vFew readersWhat is a WordPress Category and how to use it?
Why use WordPress categories? Categories are usually the central part of the navigation menus. They allow visitors to easily find the content they are interested in. WordPress online shops also use categories to group products. Items in sales are then sorted by product types. Similarly, a news site may have categories for their articles, such as Opinion, Sports, and Politics. If your site covers several different topics, take the time to think about their organization before addingFew readersWhat is SEO?
SEO referencing SEO stands for Search Engine Optimization. This is a set of practices aimed at improving the ranking of a site in search results. Search algorithms take into account many factors to determine the presented results. These are used to judge the relevance and quality of websites. Optimizing your site based on these factors can help improve your ranking in results. SEO is a major element that can contribute to the success or failure of a website. Search engines are byFew readersWhat is an email filter (anti-spam)?
Email filters against spam An anti-spam filter is a filter that you can apply to emails to help identify spam. In short, they apply different filters to sort spam from relevant messages. These can take the form of simple keyword filters, or more sophisticated systems such as SpamAssassin. These use a variety of different detection methods, such as white lists, DNS-based spam detection, sender reputation systems, and more. Spam filters are essential to avoid being overwhelmed with unFew readersWhat is A/B testing in web development?
The concept of A/B tests A/B tests, also known as split tests, refer to a random experimentation process in which two or more versions of a variable (web page, page element, etc.) are presented to different segments of website visitors at the same time. These determine which version leaves the maximum impact and best achieves the objectives. Essentially, A/B testing eliminates the need for speculation in website optimization. They allow developers to make data-driven decisions to optimiFew readersWhat is a sitemap ?
The sitemap A site map is an XML file containing links to every important page of a website. It is an extremely useful tool for websites with a large amount of content. This file acts as a map showing how to navigate to specific locations on the site. The sitemap a list that maps every corner of a website that you want to see indexed by search engines. A plan therefore offers complete control over the elements that can be displayed in the search results. Search engines use the site mapFew readers
Errors
How to fix Error 500, CHMOD 777?
What to do if your website shows Error 500, CHMOD 777? Our servers are configured to maximize your security and your data security. That why we have set up our servers with SUPHP. If you get a 500 error, we invite you to change the CHMOD of your files. Either: 755 for the folders and 644 for the php files. You can do this very easily with the "FileZilla" FTP software (available for free) or via your cPanel (with the file manager). If the problem still persists, please do not hesitate toSome readersHow to fix an error 500?
Here is what to do if your site shows an error 500 If your site is online but displays an error 500, it is because your site probably uses all the resources allocated to your plan and/or one of your scripts is incorrectly configured. In this case, contact our support to get help at that level.Some readersWhat should I do? My site is offline!
Your site appears to be offline. Here are some tips to help you narrow down the problem: Have you renewed your subscription? Check your client area on our site to see if you are up to date with your invoices. If you pay a invoice late, please contact our support to relaunch your account. If you paid all your bills on time and the site is offline, try viewing your site from another computer (or from your laptop - connected to your mobile network - not wifi). You can aFew readersWhat should I do? My website shows an Error 503
What is a 503 error? The error 503 ( meaning Temporarily Unavailable Service ) usually occurs when the resource limits of your hosting plan have been reached. This error code can be associated with various elements: CPU (processors) Disk Usage (IO/IOPS) RAM (RAM) Exceeding disk space and/or inode limits How do I fix a 503 error? To fix a 503 error, you must first identify the use of which resource is causing the problem. If your site has exceeded the inodeFew readersCan I hide errors that appear on my website?
If you use WordPress debugging mode to identify errors on your website, it is possible to hide error messages from visitors to your site. WPDEBUG allows debugging mode on your website to better track all possible errors. However, you may not want to post them on the website. If you want to hide errors so that they are only available from the log, you must add a line of code when you enable WPDEBUG: Here are the steps to hide errors that appear on your website Log in to your cPFew readersHow to fix PHP error: Allowed memory size of x bytes exhausted?
Here's how to fix PHP error: Allowed memory size of x bytes exhausted If you are getting an error like "Allowed memory size of... in file /directory/folder/yourscript.php", then you can use a .htaccess trick to resolve this problem. If this error does not go away even after applying this .htaccess code, you should contact us, and we will help you. Place this code in the .htaccess file of your main domain and if this error persists even after you have used the code, enter it in a direFew readersHow do I correct the "white page of death" error?
Fix blank page error on a WordPress site The white screen (blank page) is one of the most common errors that occur in WordPress. In this tutorial, we will look at some possible causes and ways to correct them. In addition, you can ask our team to help you solve this problem step by step. NOTE: Before making any changes, make sure you have generated a complete backup of your website. Clear your site cache If you have a blank page, you should first try to clear the cache of your WordPFew readersWhat causes mixed content warnings?
Causes of mixed content warnings Plugin developers sometimes use absolute paths (http://yourdomain.com/style.css) in their plugins or themes to link to CSS and JavaScript rather than using relative paths ( /style.css). Images have hard-coded URLs (http://yourdomain.com/image.png) that point to HTTP. These URLs can be found in a post, page, or even a widget. You have set up links to HTTP versions of external scripts (Hosted jQuery, Font Awesome, etc.). You have integrated video scripts usinFew readersWhat should I do? Images on my website are not displaying!
There are many reasons why images may not appear on your website. To be sure that the problem really comes from the site, make sure you actually see the latest version. To do this, start by clearing the cache of your web browser. You should also disable your ad blockers or browser extensions, to make sure the problem is not related to your device. If the images are still not displayed after the cache has been removed and the other tools have been disabled, the problem may be related to the siFew readers
FAQ
How to add CalDAV and CardDAV accounts and synchronize them with Windows 11?
Add CalDAV and CardDAV accounts and synchronize them with Windows 11 Windows 11 fully supports synchronization of CalDAV and CardDAV contacts and calendar data with Calendar and Mail applications. However, this functionality is normally limited to certain Microsoft partners. You cannot directly add a CalDAV/CardDAV server account. This one imposes limits to synchronization only with Google, iCloud and Yahoo accounts!. However, you can bypass this limitation to add any CalDAV and CardDPopularHow to check if my website is online or not?
Have you typed a URL in the search bar or searched for a website on Google to see that it is inaccessible? You can check if the problem is that it’s offline. Web tools to check if your site is online There are several tools available to check whether any website is online or not. Websites like Is it down right now and Down for Everyone or Just Me? lets you quickly know if a website is online. Simply enter your sSome readersHow to clear your web browser cache?
Web browsers use caching to allow web pages to load faster. However, this feature can sometimes cause some loading problems. For example, your browser may display an outdated, non-actualized version of a website, because it loads a cached version. In this case, you can purge your browser cache to force it to load the content again. Clear a Chrome, Firefox or Edge browser cache on a PC Several web browsers have defined the same shortcut keys to simplify cache removal. Whether you useSome readersWhere are Ex2's servers located?
Ex2 server locations Ex2 has a variety of data centers around the world. You can therefore choose the location of the server where your web hosting plan is stored. The choice of locations depends on the type of accommodation plan you choose. More expensive plans offer a wider range of choices. For all shared hosting plans (https://www.ex2.com/hosting/shared-hosting), Wordpress, green, CMS (httFew readersHow to create a Traceroute?
A Traceroute is a trace of a packet of data over the network, which can make it very easy to spot any issues you may encounter with your account. It's for this reason that our technical team may ask you to provide a Traceroute to analyze the source of a problem that you may possibly encounter. A Traceroute actually leaves your computer, to go to your internet service provider's network, to join our network and finally your hosting network. How to create a Traceroute? Traceroute commandFew readersWhat are HTML anchor tags?
An HTML anchor tag () is an element to link to web pages, directories, email addresses, images and more. The element starts with <a and ends with . Within these two markers are various attributes that make up the complete tag. We will discuss the attributes a little below in this article. You can also use anchor tags to create anchor links. Anchor links lead to different sections of the same web page. When creating text links with the a tag, you must use anchor text. The anFew readersCan you help me migrate my site from another hosting provider?
Migrating a website to Ex2 from another host If you already have a site with another hosting provider and want to migrate it to Ex2 hosting, we can support you in the process. The degree of help and support we offer depends on your needs and requests. We can give you great control over the operation if you want to do things yourself. We can also help you with various steps if you prefer to be accompanied in the process. If you need help with retrieving the IPS transfer code (https://help.Few readersWhat are the 200 SEO factors behind Google’s SERP?
Search engines take a variety of different factors into account when determining their search results. The most popular among them, Google, use more than 200. All these elements but are not accorded the same importance, and the exact list remains private. However, SEO experts have developed a "theoretical" list of 206 potential factors. Some of the items on the list are a bit speculative, others are slightly controversial. Many of them have only a minor impact on research results. NevertFew readersHow to migrate yourwebsite from your old web host to Ex2?
Here you will find all the information on the migration procedure if you wish to leave your current web host to come to Ex2. You will consistently perform a number of separate actions to ensure a fast and invisible client-side migration. Summary of the procedure to follow to migrate yourwebsite from your old web host to Ex2 This section covers in detail all of the steps to replace your hosting provider. If you have experience (FTP, database manipulation), you can just follow these "short" guFew readersCan the fact that your servers are on Linux and my computer is on Windows cause a problem?
Windows and Linux are perfectly compatible No, Linux is the world's most widely used and trusted operating system for servers. Even if your computer is running Windows or Mac, you can still benefit from our hosting offers without causing any problems. All systems are entirely compatible.Few readersWhat are the names of crawlers used by various search engines?
Which crawlers are used by different search engines? If you want to create a robots.txt file for your website, you need to know the names of the different crawlers, so you can give them instructions. Here is a list of crawlers (exploration robots) used by the main search engines. For each, we will offer you the User-Agent code to use in your file to send them instructions. 1. Google's Googlebot Google’s main crawler is simply named Googlebot (https://developers.google.com/search/doFew readersHow to contact Ex2 Technical Support?
Need assistance and want to reach an Ex2 technician? There are two simple ways to get help 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. Live chat customer support If you wish to join the Ex2 team throught direct chat, this is possible from any page of our website or the customer area. Simply click on the chat bubble that appears in the bottom right corner of your screen. (https://storage.crisp.chat/users/helpdesk/wFew readersWhich messaging protocol should I choose between POP and IMAP?
POP and IMAP are email protocols that you can use whenever you configure your email on an email program like Outlook, MacMail, etc. This article will help you decide which protocol is for your needs. Difference between POP and IMAP IMAP is perfect for multiple users who need to access the same email account or a user who needs to access emails from multiple locations. POP3 is perfect for quickly downloading emails and reading them offline or on the go (even if you need to be online toFew readersCan I hire an Ex2 developer to create my site or fix a problem?
The Ex2 web development service If you are facing a task that seems tedious and that you would prefer not to take care of yourself, it is possible to hire an Ex2 developer to take care of it for you. Of course, the web development service isn't included in your web hosting plan. However, you may request several tasks that are not normally covered by conventional technical support. Our technicians can handle a variety of tasks, such as troubFew readersHow to use the robots.txt file?
How does a Robots.txt file work? The robots.txt files tell search engines which URLs they can browse and, more importantly, which ones they cannot. Search engines have two main jobs: Explore the web to discover content Index content so it can be presented to Internet users looking for information As they crawl, search engines find and follow the links. This process takes them from site A, to site B, and then to site C, through billions of links and websites. When arriving aFew readersHow to take a screenshot?
You may be asked for a screenshot during a conversation with Ex2 technical support staff. In this case, the saying "a picture is worth a thousand words" takes its full meaning. By simply sharing an image of what is displayed on your screen, you can often avoid having to explain everything in detail and answer additional questions. All the necessary information can often be transmitted in one or two screenshots. It is therefore recommended to take one or two screenshots and paste them (CTRL+V)Few readersDo you allow adult websites on your hosting plans?
Adult websites on an Ex2 web hosting plan Ex2 considers that the Internet should be accessible to all and fulfil multiple functions. We therefore don't judge our customers on the use they make of it. We give our customers the freedom to host the content they want. Of course, as long as it complies with the law. Pornography and adult entertainment are integral parts of the world we live in. However, they are subject to the law, which applies to the content of sites hosted by Ex2.Few readersHow to inspect elements of a website?
Most modern browsers offer tools for inspecting the various elements of a website. These tools allow to know all the code and commands gives the site its appearance and its functionality. Item inspection is commonly used by web developers to help with design configuration. For example, this tool can tell which command line in which file determines the color of a button. If an item on your site needs to be edited manually, this tool can help you identify the item in question. Inspect wFew readersWill my website be visible all around the world?
Yes, no matter where you are, your site will be visible. We have a network to give you excellent response time in Europe, America and Asia. Our data center is a strategic point for your website to grow and get global traffic.Few readersHow to find my website’s .htaccess file?
The configuration file .htaccess has many uses, and you may need to change it to make some changes to your site settings. The steps to find the .htaccess file To find the file, you must first sign in to your cPanel account (via your customer account or https://www.bmoname.com:2083). In the Files section of your control panel, select the File Manager. (https://storage.crisp.chat/users/hFew readersWhat languages does the Ex2 technical support team speak?
Languages available for Ex2 client support Ex2 is a French-speaking web host whose technicians are all at ease with the language of Molière. Our technical support service generally operates in French. The majority of our technicians are also fluent in English and can offer you service in the language of Shakespeare, if you prefer. You will not have to translate your requests to get help from an expert. Simply contact us in English or French, depending on your preference. Our team willFew readersWhat do the different HTTP error codes mean?
There are dozens of different http server status codes, although you are probably familiar with only a few. Below, we have covered the most common codes, as well as some of the lesser known codes that can be encountered. Understanding HTTP status code classes HTTP status codes are divided into five “classes”. These are groups of errors of similar nature and related to the same element. Understanding the basis of these categories can help you quickly determine the general nature oFew readersHow to analyze the performance of your website?
The performance of a website is a critical element that can contribute to its success or failure. A site that is too slow to load can discourage visitors and cause them to leave and not return. It is possible to analyze the performance of a site using objective tools. These assess the loading time of the various elements of the site. It then gives you the results, in addition to offering you suggestions to improve performance. Various reputable tools are available, so you can choose accorFew readersDoes a dedicated IP help with SEO?
Some SEO consultants recommend that their clients use a dedicated IP address to improve their SEO. However, having a dedicated IP doesn’t really improve your position in search results.Let’s take a closer look at the issue. Performance and Speed The speed of your website has a direct impact on your ranking in search results. So, you should strive to make your website as fast and efficient as possible. If your site is on a shared hosting server, your website may share the same IP addFew readersIs there a fee for setting up my web hosting?
Ex2 hosting plans are implemented at no cost All our managed hosting plans do not include any upfront fees for configuring your web hosting. Our qualified technicians will configure the basic settings of your server and domain. There are no hidden or ancillary costs associated with implementation. However, it should be noted that for our unmanaged VPS accommodations, the configuration is left to the customer’s reFew readers
How to create custom error pages
How can I customize my error pages? To create a custom page for errors generated by your site, log in to cPanel and click on Error Pages, in the "Advanced" section. Select the domain or subdomain for which you want to manage error pages and click on the eFew readersWhat is MySQL?
The MySQL management system MySQL is a relational database management system (RDBMS) offering a variety of practical tools. It can be used to create, modify and extract data from relational databases (using SQL programming language). It can also be used to control users' access to a database. MySQL is an open source RDBMS. It therefore stores data as tables, is very flexible and free. This is therefore a suitable option for both small and large websites. MySQL is used by many companiesFew readersWhat is a CDN?
CDN Networks CDN stands for Content Delivery Network. This term refers to a network of web servers around the world. The entities that make up a CDN work together to ensure the rapid distribution of content anywhere, via the Internet. Websites generally use a CDN to ensure that their content is delivered to users quickly and reliably. A CDN can improve loading times, accommodate higher traffic volumes, and even reduce the bandwidth costs of cloud hosting. To use a CDN, a user mustFew readersWhat is the FTP protocol?
The FTP protocol FTP stands for File Transfer Protocol. File Transfer Protocol is a type of connection that can be used to transfer files via Transmission Control (TCP)/Internet Protocol (IP). FTP can be used to connect to a server you own and interact with its files. There are several ways to interact with a website that you have access to or own. You can use the control panel (cPanel), a dashboard of the content management system (for example Wordpress)) or FTP access. If you havFew readers